Nelson Mandela : Breaking News

　One great man died the other day. Whose name is Nelson Mandela. Today, I'll tell you about this man as a breaking news.

   
  Do you know about the apartheid?  Apartheid is a person isolation policy to prescribe the relations of the white and the nonwhite performed in the republic of South Africa. It means the isolation in Afrikaans. Apartheid itself has been already abolished, but this policy enforced in 1948 was just a symbol of the discrimination against blacks. He was a soldier who confronted such a policy.

  Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtatu. He entered a University and joined African National Congress in 1944 after graduating university. He formed a young people's association in ANC and began an anti-apartheid campaign. 
In 1961, He co-founded the militant called Umkhonto we Sizwe - means Racial Spear. As the result of later anti-apartheid activity, he was arrested for national treason in 1962. He was sentenced  to life imprisonment, and imprisoned in the Robben island. His behind-bards life lasted to 27 years. But he never gave up abolishing apartheid. 
  An international campaign lobbied for his release. In 1990, he was released. After released, he took office as a vice-chairperson and attend at a talk with President Frederick Declercq of those days as a representative. In 1991, he assumed office as a chairperson of ANC and abolished the basis of the apartheid. On December 10 in 1993, he won Nobel Peace Prize with Declercq. In 1994, first all race participation election in history of South Africa was carried out. As a result ANC won, and Mandela was inargurated as President. The apartheid was abolished for a formula. Mandela went down the seat of the chairperson in 1997, and pulled the body from politics after the last speech of 1999. 

 The reason why he is particularly great is the method than what he accomplished. When a 
rebolution occurs, blood  always stream down in history of all over the world. But he let a revolution succeed "peascefully".  Without bleeding. Though he was forced to behind-bars life of 27 years on the false charge, his correspondence was really gentlemanly. he is just a great person.

 In mourning the death of the hero, the leaders and the imperial family of each country attended at his memorial service. 
May his soul rest in peace.
 

#6 Tea Ceremony Room 2

 On the before blog, I wrote about history and concept of tea ceremony room. So today, I'll tell you about famous tea ceremony rooms, Jo-an,  Mittan, and Golden Tea Ceremony Room. 
  
  Jo-an is one of Japanese national treasures. It is said that the origin of this name is the landlord, Oda Yurakusai - he is a Christian, and his Christian name is "Joan". Its area is approximately 2 mat and a half. It is about same area as Rikyu's Tai-an, but the interior decoration is very different.The lower photograph is reproduction of Jo-an.  

Jo-an

Comparing Jo-an with Tai-an, This room is free for pressure. Jo-an have a screen called Mukougiri, and it makes this room humorous. As you can see, there is a big hole in the lower part of this screen. Just because, a guest can see the process of making tea through this hole. And this is not in the photograph, the line of flow for a waitperson is thought about well. This tea ceremony room is very rational, and it may be said that it is right a tea ceremony room of the samurai family. 

  Mittan. This is a Japanse national treasure too.  In addition, the tea ceremony rooms of the national treasure are only three in the whole country. Tai-an, Jo-an, and Mittan. Mittan is in the temple called Ryukou-in, and it is the whole temple to be appointed a national treasure. Because a general release is forbidden, its inside photograph is only a CG photograph. 

Mittan inside

the Mittan floor

The layout of Mittan is a tea ceremony room of the size calld the four-and-a half mat daime room basically. It may be comprehensive, but is the size of the tatami mat of the size like 1-mat 3/4 when this "daime" easily says. You may hear the word four-and- a half mat room tea-ceremoy room, but attention is well necessary because it is different from "daime".  Speaking of the characteristic of Mittan, it is the "Mittan floor" that the name was derived from. It is the floor for displaying handwriting of Mittan Kanketu - Zen priest of Chinese south Soong Era. However, it is really interesting, the handwriting was displayed in the main floor - the opposite side, and the Mittan floor seemed to be used as a desk. It will be worth learning this.

  
  Last, about Golden tea ceremony room. It is said that Rikyu and Hideyoshi Toyoyomi made it, but the truth is not known. This room is very different from ever tea ceremony rooms. Gold is put all over the room, and It is may be said that is tasteless. But it follows the basic rule of wabi-cha. It's size is three mat, and decoration is very simple - excepting its color. So there is a opinion that it is the extremity of the bad taste of Hideyoshi, but there is a opinion too that Rikyu absolutely participated to making this room. This may be said that this is most famous tea ceremony room.

Replica of Golden tea ceremony room

Beauty of the tea ceremony rooms is the presence of mind. Learn this.

#5 Tea Ceremony Rooms

  A tea ceremony room make a very important role in Japanese tea ceremony. That is a place that two persons meet each other through drinking tea.  The personality of the owner of the tea room appers in it, and it is pleasure of the tea ceremony that watch it. Today, I explain about concept of Japanese famouse tea ceremony rooms and its history.
   Culture of drinking tea is very old tradition in Japan. In Muromachi period, according to some records, so-called tea ceremony room did not exist. But there is a building called Kaijo  and tea was served there. Kaijo is the place that nobles gather, and reads Japanese poetry.  This is the origin of the tea ceremony room.
  It is the 16th century that a tea ceremony room, for the purpose of taste the mountain village while being in the city,  of the prehttp://translate.weblio.jp/sent form was completed by Rikyu.  Juko Murata who was a teacher of Rikyu and assumed a father of wabi-cha made the foudation of tea ceremony room. A four-and-a half mat room is basic, and a room smaller than it called Room of Koma, and one bigger than it called Room of Hiroma. Koma means small place, and Hiroma means large place.
  
   It is normal with the tea ceremony room that there are usually gardens called Roji as well as a building itself. Roji has a role to lead a guest to the tea ceremony room which is not in everyday life. At first the guest put the baggage away at a place called Yorituki, and fixes the outfit. He is led to the room called Machiai, and waits for an other invited guests being prepared. After that, they enter the tea ceremony room depending of the greeting of the owner. While these proceses, Roji affects them.

Roji

  It is said that Rikyu loved Room of Koma. Because the tea ceremony that he wanted to be is that a visitor communes with a owner through tea directly. Actually, since so-called  Souan style tea ceremony room is very simple and inconvenience, the space is completely cut off with the outside world - it is only said that a man in the room feels it to the last. As for Tai-an - Rikyu's famous tea ceremony room, the characteristic emerges well.

Tai-an

The entrance not tobe able to go through when I do not stoop down called Nijiriguchi, 2-mat very small space, unaffected simple rom. It is just the tea ceremony room which emdodied in wabi-cha.

Nijiriguchi

 These are the basic knowledge of tea ceremony room. On the next article, I will introduce  some example of famous tea ceremony room.